2009年10月5日 星期一

用11年等蘋果樹開花的木村阿公


商業週刊第1138期 用11年等蘋果樹開花的木村阿公


木村秋則的蘋果,來自日本農業聖地,蘋果產量占全日本半數的青森縣岩木山山腳,但外觀一點都不起眼,早先採收的時候,還會從裝蘋果塑膠籃的格子掉出來。

但光去年一年,卻有超過四千人想吃他親手種的蘋果,只有兩千人透過抽選如願;更有六千人造訪木村阿公的蘋果園。二○○六年十二月,日本NHK《專家的作風》節目報導木村栽種蘋果樹的獨特方式,引發該節目前所未有的回響,在觀眾要求下,迄今已重播超過一百遍。

這段期間,上千封電子郵件和信件寄到電視台,希望轉交給木村先生,除請教栽培方法外,最多的就是表達「希望可以吃到木村先生的蘋果,哪怕只有一次都好」的心願。除了蘋果之外,想自殺的年輕人,也從木村身上找到活下去的勇氣;就連黑道大哥,也想和木村單獨喝酒。

故事要從東京白金台一家高級的法國餐廳拉開序幕。

那是一家只有老饕才知道的餐廳,要預約用餐起碼得等上半年。這家餐廳的招牌菜之一,就是「木村先生的蘋果湯」。主廚井口久和說:「這種蘋果居然不會爛,可能是匯聚了生產者的靈魂……。」

通常,蘋果切開後放置一會兒,很快就會變成咖啡色,然後開始腐爛。然而,井口廚房內切成兩半、放了兩年的木村蘋果不會爛,只會像「枯萎」般越縮越小,最後變成帶有淡淡紅色的乾果,散發出像水果乾般甜蜜的香味。

一本書,讓阿公起了自然農法的夢

蘋果「不會爛」,其中到底隱藏了什麼秘密?

答案要回在木村的蘋果園找。

穿過日本北端津輕平野岩木山山麓下,一片又一片修剪整齊,樹下雜草像草皮般的蘋果園,來到木村的神奇果園,眼前這座雜草叢林中,蝗蟲唯我獨尊的跳來跳去,蜜蜂飛舞,青蛙扯開嗓子高鳴,還有野鼠、兔子奔竄,必須雙手用力撥開雜草,才能走到蘋果樹旁。

對蘋果果農來說,維持整潔的蘋果園,不僅是獲得豐碩果實不可或缺的工作,更是一種道德,但木村的果園簡直就像是荒蕪的野山,在木村剛開始種蘋果前幾年,周圍的果農拜託他修一下草,但他固執的不肯點頭。一度,這座果園荒蕪得好像是得了皮膚病而掉毛的狗。

為什麼會荒蕪到這種程度?附近的果農無人不知,因為,這裡沒有灑農藥,這裡還原了生態系統,回歸到真正的「大自然」。從一九七八年開始,木村就不曾在這八千八百平方公尺大的果園使用一滴農藥、一撮肥料。

不用農藥、甚至不用任何有機肥料,是木村蘋果不會爛的秘密,但要栽培蘋果需要用農藥,對果農來說,是常識中的常識,木村想實現自然農法的夢想,至少在一九八○年代,是百分之百不可能實現的事。

讓木村興起這個念頭的,是一本不經意翻開的書,那是日本農業專家福岡正信寫的《自然農法》,書最前面寫著「什麼都不做,也不使用農藥和肥料的農業生
活。」「啊!原來還有這種農業生活?姑且不論自己要不要去做,同樣身為農民,不禁產生了好奇。之後,我不知道看了多少次,書都被我翻爛了。」木村說。

每天苦思驅蟲法,甚至想過淋醬油

為了一個簡單平凡的信念,木村連續好幾年沒有收入,一家七口持續過著赤貧的生活,幾乎快走投無路了。為了除盡專門吃蘋果樹初春嫩葉和花芽的褐捲葉
蛾、亂紋蘋果捲葉蛾,還有會啃食葉子的尺蠖、蚜蟲,以及危害果實的螟蛾幼蟲和介殼蟲等,不下三十種的蘋果樹害蟲,木村帶著全家人沒日沒夜的在不開花、不結
果的果園裡,用雙手和塑膠袋抓害蟲、噴灑醋液。「那時候,我根本不管收入的事,腦子裡壓根兒就沒考慮這個問題。想要嘗試的事接二連三的從腦子裡冒了出來,
吃飯的時候,把醬油淋在魚上,就會想到搞不好醬油有效……。啊哈哈哈,太好笑了!」木村回憶。

為養活家人,沒有米吃時,木村拿東西去典當;沒有錢用時,他去工地、酒店做別人認為低三下四的工作。那時正是一九八○年代初期,傅高義的《日本第一》暢銷書出版,日本經濟成為世界典範的時代。

什麼都不做,聽起來簡單,但蘋果樹的情況卻慘不忍睹,情況一年比一年糟糕,除斑點落葉病肆虐,又出現數不盡的害蟲,數量多得驚人,簡直變成了昆蟲的
天堂,引起鄰人極大不滿。當地果農用津輕話替木村取了一個很糟糕的綽號:「滅灶」,意思就是爐灶的火滅了的意思。如果一個家庭生活中心的爐灶都熄了火,就
代表一個家支離破碎,家人走投無路了。對農人來說,這是最大的侮辱。

即使如此,他仍然認為這是唯一的成功之路,即使別人認為他瘋了,他也無話可說。

最後,他從野生果樹找到自然農法的解答。原來手工抓蟲都是白做工,土壤才是關鍵。於是,木村在果園裡開始大量撒大豆,大豆根部密密麻麻的根粒菌改善
土壤裡氮的含量。翌年,蘋果園彷彿變成了原始森林,大豆下方長滿各式各樣的雜草,昆蟲在草中鳴叫,青蛙捕捉昆蟲,蛇在青蛙身後虎視眈眈,甚至還有野鼠、野
兔,雖然斑點落葉病和捲葉蛾依然肆虐,但木村覺得蘋果樹已經結束長期和疾病的抗爭,漸漸恢復健康。

好不容易才結兩顆果子,放佛堂祭拜

終於,又過了三年,也就是所有果園停止使用農藥的第八年春天,果園裡開出七朵蘋果花,這七朵花中,有兩朵結了果。那兩顆蘋果是那一年的全部收成,木村把蘋果放在佛堂祭拜後,全家人一起分享。

那兩顆蘋果好吃得令人驚訝,木村看到苦盡之後的曙光。

當地人稱他「木村阿公」的木村秋則,究竟是怎樣的一個人?

到今天,果農木村秋則已經種了三十七年的蘋果。他今年虛歲六十歲,但是看起來比實際年齡蒼老,這是因為他在酒店打工時遭人毆打,因此一口牙都掉光的緣故。也因為如此,他沒有辦法直接啃食自己一手栽培的蘋果。

寫看板恐嚇、溫柔勸說昆蟲別吃樹葉

「因為我是傻瓜,所以像山豬一樣只顧著往前衝,心想總有一天會成功。」這是木村的口頭禪。而木村的傻還不是普通的傻。

危害蘋果樹的害蟲不計其數,專吃蘋果樹葉和蘋果花搶養分的尺蠖,是果園最常見的害蟲,木村經常從一大早就在蘋果樹下張大眼睛、不知厭倦的觀察著尺蠖的一舉一動。

這是侵害木村心愛蘋果樹的可恨敵人,他一度認為熟知尺蠖的習性後,也許可以發現消滅牠的方法。但木村觀察尺蠖的眼神未免也太溫柔了,當尺蠖不小心掉在他胸前時,他抓了起來,用放大鏡仔細觀察牠的臉,然後把牠放回蘋果葉上,「不要吃太多葉子唷。」他對昆蟲說道。

果園的角落,豎著一塊硬紙板看板,上面寫著對昆蟲的警告:「警告昆蟲!如果你們繼續在此肆虐,我將使用烈性農藥!」

除了傻,木村生性更是樂觀過人。「我用牙齒換來蘋果樹的樹葉。」木村說著冷笑話,自己哈哈大笑起來。他的笑聲沒有混合H的音,而是連續發出母音A的聲音。

一口津輕腔,跟韓國江原道的口音如出一轍的木村說:「日本的蘋果栽培史有一百二十年,之前也有許多人嘗試過無農藥、無肥料的栽培,但是都失敗了。大
家都是在嘗試四到五年後,就認為不可能而放棄。我卻像個傻瓜一樣,苦撐了十一年才開始有收入,可能是因為我太笨了,蘋果樹也受不了我,只好結出蘋果了。哈
哈哈!」

木村真的這樣認為。

木村在種出不依賴農藥和肥料的蘋果後,越來越多人聽過他的故事,想嘗「好吃到令人驚訝滋味」的人有增無減,但八百株蘋果樹產量有限,木村卻從未想提
高售價,一箱十六至二十顆裝的蘋果,售價僅約四千二百日圓(約合新台幣一千四百九十元)。木村說,不是為了賺錢才開始種蘋果的,他只希望有更多人用自然農
法成功栽培蘋果,大眾就能用更便宜的價格吃到了。

自認沒功勞,都是蘋果樹自己的努力

木村非但沒想過提高蘋果價格,更把種出無農藥蘋果的功勞歸給蘋果樹自己。

為什麼不用農藥也可以種出蘋果?木村這樣回答:「人類能夠做的事沒什麼了不起,大家都說,木村很努力,但其實不是我,而是蘋果樹很努力。這不是我在
謙虛,是發自內心這麼認為。因為,無論人再怎麼努力,都無法靠自己開出一朵蘋果花,不管是手上還是腳上,都不可能開出蘋果花。也許大家覺得這是理所當然的
事,但不這麼想的人,代表他並沒有真正理解自然。看到整個果園滿滿的蘋果花,我深刻體會到這一點。這些蘋果花不是我的功勞,而是蘋果樹的功勞,主角不是
人,而是蘋果樹。我之前不懂這個道理,一直以為是自己在種蘋果,以為自己在管理蘋果樹。其實,我只能協助蘋果樹而已。在經歷了一次又一次的失敗後,我終於
了解了這一點。我花了很長時間才走到這一步。」

勸輕生的人,死前至少為一件事瘋狂

等待蘋果樹開花結果的那十一年間,還有一件不可思議的事。

木村曾經一一拜託即將枯萎的蘋果樹「請你們不要枯萎。」其實,木村並沒有拜託所有的蘋果樹,尤其是和旁邊的果園相鄰,或是馬路旁的蘋果樹,因為木村不希望其他果農看到他在對蘋果樹說話。

即使木村拜託,也有不少蘋果樹枯萎了,果園裡隨處可見枯掉的蘋果樹。

調查這些枯掉的蘋果樹後,他發現一件奇妙的事,枯萎的蘋果樹很隨機,並沒有呈現位置影響的規律性。強壯的蘋果樹留了下來,衰弱的蘋果樹漸漸枯萎。

只有一個例外,有一整排蘋果樹好像骨牌般全倒了。木村至今仍然為此深感懊悔,因為,那排沒有出聲拜託的蘋果樹全都枯萎了,無一倖免。

木村的故事在日本廣為流傳之後,一個想要自殺的年輕人打電話給木村,說他剛從研究所畢業,不管做什麼都失敗,找不到工作,也回不了家,所以打算一死了之。看到木村的訪談節目後改變了心意,終於有勇氣繼續活下去。

問木村,當時是怎麼回答那個年輕人的,他稍微沉思了一下。「嗯……,我好像說,很高興他改變心意了,然後,我告訴他,只要當個傻瓜就好。只要實際做
做看就知道,沒有比當傻瓜更簡單的事了。既然想死,那就在死之前當一次傻瓜。身為曾經有過相同想法的過來人,我至今領悟到一點:為一件事瘋狂,總有一天,
可以從中找到答案。」

為一件事瘋狂,總有一天,可以從中找到答案。木村這句話正道盡了他的人生。

20091005 -- Which Do You Prefer a Mac or a PC (1)

Which Do You Prefer: a Mac or a PC?

Are all computer systems created equal?

For more than two decades, avid computer enthusiasts have been debating the merits of Macs and PCs. With two new operating systems, Apple's Mac OS 10.6 and Microsoft's Windows 7, the question remains: Is one system better than the other?

Conversation A
Adam: I'm in the market for a new computer and I'm leaning toward buying a Mac.
Beth: Before you think about purchasing anything, you should really compare the quality and cost of the two platforms. I think PCs are better computers, and they cost about half as much as Macs do.
Adam: Not really. If you compare a Mac and a PC with similar features, you’ll find they often cost about the same.
Beth: Maybe so, but there are so many companies that make PCs. You have a lot of more options to choose from.
Adam: Actually, I like the simplicity of choosing from only one manufacturer line of products.
Beth: I guess it depends on what you want to use your computer for. My PC is great for reading emails and creating documents.
Adam: With the Mac, I could do those things. But I would also get programs that allow me to add photos, record music and even make movies.


avid adj. 熱心的/衝勁十足的
=> have strong desire
eg: Toby is an avid fun of the theater. He watches a play every week.
eg: Mark is an avid baseball fan. He collects so many baseball cards.
eg: Sean made an avid effort to impress his future mother-in-low(岳母).

in the market for something 想買某樣東西
eg: Carrie just sold her old car and is now in the market for a new one.
eg: Dad is in the market for a van(休旅車).
eg: Although this house is really nice, we're not in the market for such a big house.

platform n. 平台/(本文章指)電腦的介面
eg: Billy just bought his first Mac. He is still getting used to the new platform.
eg: This kind of graphic software can be used with almost any Windows platform.
eg: This program runs on Macintosh system platforms.

simplicity n. 簡單
eg: Jill likes the simplicity of her new phone. Even a small child could use it.

document n. 文件
eg: The spy was sent on a mission to steal top-secret documents from the government.

operating system 作業系統


//== Chat room ==//

Are all computer systems created equal?

All men are created equal. 人人生而平等
=> 這邊用equal,表示用來強調all men

Gettysburg Address 蓋茲堡演講
Declaration of Independence 美國獨立宣言

All men are created equally.
=> 如果用equally,表示用來強調動詞create

//== Grammer on the go ==//

I think PCs are better computers, and they cost about half as much as Macs do.

half as much as
eg: Janice's new job lets her earn three times as much as the other job.
eg: This year's class budget is a third as much as last year's.

20091003 -- Moon Cakes (1)

Moon Cakes

Celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival with this Chinese treat

Today is Mid-Autumn Festival - and the best way to celebrate is by eating a moon cake! Packed with meaning, round moon cakes suggest the moon, which is full tonight. Moon cakes also represent family gatherings. The word for family gathering, tuan yuan (團圓) includes the character for round. Traditional moon cakes have paste fillings covered with pastry. Flavors vary by location, with Cantonese-style cakes being the most popular. But bakeries and hotels now offer uniue - and nontraditional - flavors like green tea, chocolate and evedn durian!

The trend started 29 years ago in Hong Kong with "snow-skin" moon cakes. The outer layer is made of rice cake. Snow-skin moon cakes come in colors like pink, purple and yellow and in a variety of flavors. Ice-cream moon cakes are selling like hot cakes. A few years ago, some stores began offering ice-cream moon cakes coated with chocolate. In some locations, these cakes sell so quickly that people need to order them in advance! Moon cakes with their tasty flavors and happy meanings bring out the joy of the holiday.



represent v. 代表/表示/象徵
eg: Lisa's wedding ring represents her husband's love and commitment to her.
eg: Owning a car represents freedom.
eg: In this painting, the rainbow represents hope.
eg: Josh represented his company at the regional meeting.

filling n. 裝填/裝填物/(糕點的)餡子
eg: This chocolate cake has a cream filling inside it.
eg: The cream filling inside the puffs is made of non-fat milk.
eg: The filling of these pillows is 100% goose down.

sell like hot cakes (idiom) 十分暢銷
eg: These colorful MP3 players are selling like hot cakes, You'd botter buy one soon!
eg: The little girl's first album is selling like hot cakes in England.
eg: Batteries sell like hot cakes before typhoons hit.

trend (n) 趨勢/傾向/時尚
eg: Valerie loves following fashion trends. She's always buying different clothes!


durian n. 榴槤(樹)


//== Chat Room ==//

the autumnal equinox 秋成
the Harvest Moon 秋分前後之滿月

blue moon 長久
eg:I haven't seen her in a blue moon. 我已經很久沒看到他了.

full moon 滿月
gibbous moon 隆起的月亮
quarter moon 四分月/半月
crescent moon 新月形月亮
half moon 半月

//== Grammar on the Go ==//

In some locations, these cakes sell so quickly that people need to order them in advance! in advance early You need to prepare your ingredients in advance. Get your concert tickets in advance.

in advance 事先
eg: You need to prepare your ingredients in advance.
eg: Get your concert tickets in advance.

2009年10月2日 星期五

20091002 -- Magic Marrakesh (2)

Magic Marrakesh

Djeaa el Fna Square
In the center of the dusty city lies the famous Djemaa el Fna Square. During the day, the square is filled with performers and merchants. Dozens of magicians, acrobats, snake charmers, henna artists, performing Barbary apes, and traditional medicine sellers amaze visitors. As the sun set, chefs set up food stalls, and the square transforms into a huge open-air restaurant. Diners can sample grilled eggplant, deep-fried fish, bean soups, and all sorts of spiced meats. A cup of sweet mint tea tops off any meal nicely!

The old city
Inside the city's medina - its walled, ancient quarter - lies a maze of small, winding streets. The medina also houses the city's traditional market, the largest one in Morocco. The market, or souk, serves locals and tourists alike, selling pastries, spices, carpets, leather bag, colorful scarves and more. The shrewd vendors charm tourists with their good English and unusual goods. The city's exotic sights, sounds, smells and tastes make it unforgettable. So while vacationers leave Marrakesh, the magic of Marrakesh never leaves them.


dusty adj. 都是灰塵的
eg: We drove down a long, dusty road on our way to the tiny African village.
eg: In the spring, the city becomes very dusty.
eg: This dusty road leads to the small town.

dusty adj. 帶著灰色調的
eg: dusty pink 帶著灰色調的粉紅色

acrobatics n. 特技/雜技表演
acrobatic adj. 像雜技般的/像特技一樣的
acrobat n. 特技演員
=> acrobat do many tricks with their bodies
eg: The acrobats impressed the audience with their amazing flips and jumps.
eg: Tim is an circus acrobat.
eg: The pitcher made an acrobatic save and no runs were scored.

eg: The actor went to China to study martial arts and acrobatics.

transfrom v. 轉變
eg: My son's favorite superhero drives a car that transfomrs into an airplane.
eg: A caterpiller transforms into a butterfly.

pastry n. 酥皮點心(如餡餅/水果派)
eg: The little bakery on the corner is filled with delicious-looking pastries.

shrewd adj. 精明的/狡猾的/機伶的
=> good at seeing different situations, making judgement
eg: My father is a shrewd businessman.
eg: She is a shrewd businesswoman who knows a good deal when she sees one.
eg: He was was shrewd enough not to offend his boss.

henna n. 散沫花染劑
merchant n. 商人
carpet n. 地毯
scarf n. 圍巾
grilled adj. 烤的


//== Chat room ==//

spiced 有加香料的
=> food containing spices
eg: spiced meat 用香料醃過的肉

spicy adj. 辣的
=> hot

spice something up 添加趣味/增加情趣
=> make it more interesting or exciting
eg: The professor's joke help spiced up his boring lectures.

Variety is the spice of life. 變化是生活的調味品

//== Grammer on the go ==//

A cup of sweet mint tea tops off any meal nicely!

top off
=> end something in a special way

eg: The Jones family topped off their movie evening with ice cream.
eg: The hostess topped off the dinner banquet with their amazing homemade chocolate cake.

20091001 -- Magical Marrakesh (1)

Magical Marrakesh

Find the heartbeat of Morocco in colorful and exciting Marrakesh

Marrakesh has many names – The Red City, Pearl of the South, The Heartbeat of Morocco – and lives up to them all. This bustling city charms visitors with its beautiful palaces, ancient winding streets, colorful goods, and lively city square.

Located in central Morocco, Marrakesh rests at the foothills of the snowcapped Atlas Mountains. Its location and rich cultural traditions make it one of the hottest tourist destinations in North Africa today.

A mosque, a palace and a garden
Near the city center, the towering minaret of Koutoubia Mosque rises up from a sea of rose-colored buildings. The historic building features eye-catching ceramic tiles and decorative arches. Non-Muslims cannot enter the mosque, but its haunting call to prayer can be heard throughout the city five times a day.

Another city treasure, the 19th-century Bahia Palace, boasts impressive mosaic ceilings and tiled courtyards. The lovely Jardin Majorelle, a beautiful garden filled with rare plants, also attracts tourists. After enjoying the flowers, many guests check out the paintings, pottery and jewelry on display at the garden's Islamic art museum.


bustle v. 忙忙碌碌
=> t不發音
=> very busy
bustle with something 充滿某個事物
eg: This bustling market is one of the city's main tourist attractions.
eg: This bustling market is one of the largest in the country.
eg: This city is bustling with all sorts of activities and excitement.

tile n. 磚/瓦
eg: Jill's bathroom floor is covered with blue and yellow tiles.
eg: The owner used imported tiles on the floor of the entrace of his house.
eg: They used ceramic tiles(磁磚) on their roof.

tile v. 鋪上磁磚
eg: We're going to tile our bathroom this weekend.

haunt v. 縈繞在心頭
haunting adj. 縈繞在心頭的/令人難以忘懷的
eg: The remains of the building are a haunting reminder of last year's terrible fire.
eg: The haunting memories of the car accident still troble her.
eg: The photographer captured the haunting beauty of Alaska.

courtyard n. 庭院/天井
eg: Many of the campus's classroom building have courtyards where students can relax or study.

foothill n. 山麓丘陵

snowcapped adj. 頂部被雪所蓋著的
=> covered snow on the top

mosque n. 清真寺/回教寺院
=> a building that is specially made for Muslims

minaret n. 清真寺的尖塔

arch n. 拱/拱門

//== Chat room ==//

nickname 暱稱

各國城市的nickname

Chicago
=> the Windy City

New York City
=> the Big Apple

Tinseltown
=> Hollywood
=> tinsel是一種金光閃閃用來裝飾的鋁箔紙條,
=> 雖然閃亮發光但是給人一種很廉價俗氣的感覺,
=> 這是也當初Hollywood為什麼會得到這個稱號。
=> 但是經過多年的使用這個稱號已經不再有他原本負面的涵義,
=> 只是用來形容閃耀奪目的Hollywood

Paris
=> the City of Lights