20090424 - The Human Genome Project (1)

The Human Genome Project

SC: What is the Human Genome Project? KS: The Human Genome Project was an effort by a number of organizations to identify all 20,000 to 25,000 human genes. The project also sought to store the information so that it would be available for research and medical purpose.

SC: How did they do it?

KS: Every cell in the human body contains DNA, which is made up of four smaller

molecules or nucleotides. These nucleotides are labeled A, T, C, or G. The goal of the project was to identify the order of the 3 billion nucleotides in human DNA. Since DNA is usually found in long chains, the first step was for scientists to break up the DNA into smaller pieces. These short DNA strands could then be seperated from each other based on size. Next, researchers identified the nucleotides in each piece of DNA. Then computer software reconstructed the way they fit together. Finally, the information was stored in database that are available to anyone.

identity v. 辨識/認出

eg: The police are using a videotape to identity the robbers.

eg: The witness identified the robber from the photos.

eg: She identified herself to the police as the driver of the vehicle.

identify v. 認同

identity with

eg: I can identify with her because I am from a broken family too.

strand n. 一根

eg: Oh no! There is a strand of yarn in my soup.

eg: The strand of hair in front my eye really bothers me.

eg: She wore two strands of pearls around her neck to the party.

strand n. 整體中的一部份

eg: If you put all the strand together, you should know the ending of the story.

reconstruct v. 重建

re- 再一次

eg: People are trying to reconstruct their homes after the terrible typhoon.

eg: The people decided to reconstruct their church after it was damaged by the bombing

reconstruct v. 再一次顯現/重現

eg: The police tried to reconstruct the crime scene to help solve the case.

database

eg: Gerald is hoping to create a database with all our sales information.

genome 基因組

-> a complete set of genes that are in human

nucleotide n. 核甘酸

//== Chat room ==//

unlocking secret

unlock the creativity 釋放內在的創造力

be creative

create v.

creation n. 創造/發明

-> the act of creating something

creativity n. 創造力

creative adj. 有創意的

lock

unlock

//== Grammer on the go ==//

The Human Genome Project was an effort by a number of organizations to identify all 20,000 to 25,000 human genes.

-> A number of orgainzations tried to identify all 20,000 to 25,000 human genes through the Human Genome Project.

Subject was an effort by something to Verb

-> formally present the purpose of a project or program

eg1:

This fundraiser was an effort by a group of teachers to raise enough money to buy new books for the library.

eg2:

This evening's program was an effort by a local women's club to help raise awareness of domestic violence.